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Biophysical Journal 67: 896-901 (1994)
© 1994 the Biophysical Society

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In vivo measurement of oxygen concentration using sonochemically synthesized microspheres.

K J Liu, M W Grinstaff, J Jiang, K S Suslick, H M Swartz and W Wang

Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.

ABSTRACT

Proteinaceous microspheres filled with nitroxides dissolved in an organic liquid have been synthesized for the first time using high intensity ultrasound; these were used to measure oxygen concentrations in living biological systems. The microspheres have an average size of 2.5 microns, and the proteinaceous shell is permeable to oxygen. Encapsulation of the nitroxides into the microsphere greatly increased the sensitivity of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal line width to oxygen because of the higher solubility of oxygen in organic solvents. The encapsulation also protected the nitroxide from bioreduction. No decrease in intensity of the electron paramagnetic resonance signal was observed during 70 min after intravenous injection of the microspheres into a mouse. Measurement of the changes in oxygen concentration in vivo by means of restriction of blood flow, anesthesia, and change of oxygen content in the respired gas were made using these microspheres.




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A. Bratasz, A. C. Kulkarni, and P. Kuppusamy
A Highly Sensitive Biocompatible Spin Probe for Imaging of Oxygen Concentration in Tissues
Biophys. J., April 15, 2007; 92(8): 2918 - 2925.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Copyright © 1994 by the Biophysical Society.