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Biophys J, August 1999, p. 865-878, Vol. 77, No. 2

Actin Protofilament Orientation at the Erythrocyte Membrane

Catherine Picart* and Dennis E. Discher*#§

Institute for Medicine and Engineering, and Departments of  §Mechanical,  #Chemical, and  *Bio-Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6315

The short actin filaments in the erythrocyte's membrane skeleton are shown to be largely oriented tangent to the lipid bilayer. Actin "proto"-filaments have previously been described as junctional centers intertriangulated by spectrin; however, the protofilaments may simultaneously serve as pinning centers between the network and the overlying bilayer. The latter function now seems of particular importance because near-normal network assembly has been reported with transgenic mouse sphero-erythrocytes that lack the primary linkage protein Band 3. To assess possible physical constraints on actin protofilaments in intact membranes, fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM) has been used to study rhodamine phalloidin-labeled red cell ghosts. A basis for interpreting FPM images of cells is provided by FPM applied to isolated actin filaments. These are labeled with the same rhodamine probes and imaged at various orientations with respect to the polarizers, including filament orientations perpendicular to the image plane. High aperture and fluorophore conjugation effects are found to be minimal, enabling development of a simple, semi-empirical model which indicates that protofilaments are generally within ~20° of the membrane tangent plane.

Biophys J, August 1999, p. 865-878, Vol. 77, No. 2
© 1999 by the Biophysical Society   0006-3495/99/08/865/14  $2.00


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