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Biophys J, October 1999, p. 2237-2250, Vol. 77, No. 4

Properties of Spin and Fluorescent Labels at a Receptor-Ligand Interface

Rikard Owenius,* Maria Österlund,# Mikael Lindgren,* Magdalena Svensson,# Ole H. Olsen,§ Egon Persson, Per-Ola Freskgård, and Uno Carlsson#

 *IFM-Department of Chemical Physics and  #IFM-Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; and  §Medicinal Chemistry Research IV and  Tissue Factor/Factor VII Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv, Denmark

Site-directed labeling was used to obtain local information on the binding interface in a receptor-ligand complex. As a model we have chosen the specific association of the extracellular part of tissue factor (sTF) and factor VIIa (FVIIa), the primary initiator of the blood coagulation cascade. Different spectroscopic labels were covalently attached to an engineered cysteine in position 140 in sTF, a position normally occupied by a Phe residue previously characterized as an important contributor to the sTF:FVIIa interaction. Two spin labels, IPSL [N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)iodoacetamide] and MTSSL [(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-methyl)methanethiosulfonate], and two fluorescent labels, IAEDANS [5-((((2-iodoacetyl)amino) ethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid] and BADAN [6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene], were used. Spectral data from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and fluorescence spectroscopy showed a substantial change in the local environment of all labels when the sTF:FVIIa complex was formed. However, the interaction was probed differently by each label and these differences in spectral appearance could be attributed to differences in label properties such as size, polarity, and/or flexibility. Accordingly, molecular modeling data suggest that the most favorable orientations are unique for each label. Furthermore, line-shape simulations of EPR spectra and calculations based on fluorescence depolarization measurements provided additional details of the local environment of the labels, thereby confirming a tight protein-protein interaction between FVIIa and sTF when the complex is formed. The tightness of this local interaction is similar to that seen in the interior of globular proteins.

Biophys J, October 1999, p. 2237-2250, Vol. 77, No. 4
© 1999 by the Biophysical Society   0006-3495/99/10/2237/14  $2.00


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