Biophys J, April 2000, p. 1777-1785, Vol. 78, No. 4

Comparison of Ca²⁺ Sparks Produced Independently by Two Ryanodine Receptor Isoforms (Type 1 or Type 3)

Matthew W. Conklin,^* Chris A. Ahern,^* Paola Vallejo,^* Vincenzo Sorrentino, Hiroshi Takeshima,^§ and Roberto Coronado^*

 ^*Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA;  DIBIT San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;  Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy; and  ^§Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan

The molecular determinants of a Ca²⁺ spark, those events that determine the sudden opening and closing of a small number of ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels limiting Ca²⁺ release to a few milliseconds, are unknown. As a first step we investigated which of two RyR isoforms present in mammalian embryonic skeletal muscle, RyR type 1(RyR-1) or RyR type 3 (RyR-3) has the ability to generate Ca²⁺ sparks. Their separate contributions were investigated in intercostal muscle cells of RyR-1 null and RyR-3 null mouse embryos. A comparison of Ca²⁺ spark parameters of RyR-1 null versus RyR-3 null cells measured at rest with fluo-3 showed that neither the peak fluorescence intensity (F/F_o = 1.25 ± 0.7 vs. 1.55 ± 0.6), spatial width at half-max intensity (FWHM = 2.7 ± 1.2 vs. 2.6 ± 0.6 µm), nor the duration at half-max intensity (FTHM = 45 ± 49 vs. 43 ± 25 ms) was significantly different. Sensitivity to caffeine (0.1 mM) was remarkably different, with sparks in RyR-1 null myotubes becoming brighter and longer in duration, whereas those in RyR-3 null cells remained unchanged. Controls performed in double RyR-1/RyR-3 null cells obtained by mice breeding showed that sparks were not observed in the absence of both isoforms in >150 cells imaged. In conclusion, 1) RyR-1 and RyR-3 appear to be the only intracellular Ca²⁺ channels that participate in Ca²⁺ spark activity in embryonic skeletal muscle; 2) except in their responsiveness to caffeine, both isoforms have the ability to produce Ca²⁺ sparks with nearly identical properties, so it is rather unlikely that a single RyR isoform, when others are also present, would be responsible for Ca²⁺ sparks; and 3) because RyR-1 null cells are excitation-contraction (EC) uncoupled and RyR-3 null cells exhibit a normal phenotype, Ca²⁺ sparks result from the inherent activity of small clusters of RyRs regardless of the participation of these RyRs in EC coupling.

Biophys J, April 2000, p. 1777-1785, Vol. 78, No. 4
© 2000 by the Biophysical Society   0006-3495/00/04/1777/09  $2.00

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