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Biophys J, July 2000, p. 340-356, Vol. 79, No. 1
*Centre de Recherche Paul-Pascal, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, 33600 Pessac, France; Laboratory of
Thermodynamics and Physicochemical Hydrodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry,
Sofia University, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria; and Department
of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina 27599 USA
We used micron-sized latex spheres to probe the phase
state and the viscoelastic properties of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers as a function of temperature. One or two particles were
manipulated and stuck to a DMPC giant vesicle by means of an optical
trap. Above the fluid-gel main transition temperature, Tm 
23.4°C, the particles could move on
the surface of the vesicle, spontaneously (Brownian motion) or driven
by an external force, either gravity or the laser beam's radiation
pressure. From the analysis of the particle motions, we deduced the
values of the membrane hydrodynamic shear viscosity, 
s,
and found that it would increase considerably near
Tm. Below Tm, the
long-distance motion of the particles was blocked. We performed
experiments with two particles stuck on the membrane. By optical
dynamometry, we measured the elastic resistance of the membrane to a
variation in the interparticle distance and found that it would
decrease considerably (down to zero) when the temperature was increased
to Tm. We propose an interpretation relating
the elastic response to the membrane curvature modulus,
kC. In this scheme, the two-bead dynamometry
experiments provide a direct measurement of
kC in the P'
phase of
lipid bilayers.
Biophys J, July 2000, p. 340-356, Vol. 79, No. 1
© 2000 by the Biophysical Society 0006-3495/00/07/340/17 $2.00
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