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Biophys J, July 2000, p. 434-447, Vol. 79, No. 1
Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801-3080 USA
Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) composed of different
phospholipid binary mixtures were studied at different temperatures, by
a method combining the sectioning capability of the two-photon excitation fluorescence microscope and the partition and spectral properties of 6-dodecanoyl-2-dimethylamino-naphthalene (Laurdan) and
Lissamine rhodamine B
1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (N-Rh-DPPE). We analyzed and compared fluorescence
images of GUVs composed of
1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC/DPPC),
1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC/DSPC),
1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-diarachidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC/DAPC),
1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC/DSPC) (1:1 mol/mol in all cases), and
1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine/1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPE/DMPC) (7:3 mol/mol) at temperatures corresponding to the fluid
phase and the fluid-solid phase coexistence. In addition, we studied
the solid-solid temperature regime for the DMPC/DSPC and DMPE/DMPC
mixtures. From the Laurdan intensity images the generalized
polarization function (GP) was calculated at different temperatures to
characterize the phase state of the lipid domains. We found a
homogeneous fluorescence distribution in the GUV images at temperatures
corresponding to the fluid region for all of the lipid mixtures. At
temperatures corresponding to phase coexistence we observed concurrent
fluid and solid domains in the GUVs independent of the lipid mixture.
In all cases the lipid solid domains expanded and migrated around the
vesicle surface as we decreased the temperature. The migration of the
solid domains decreased dramatically at temperatures close to the
solid-fluid
solid phase transition. For the DLPC-containing mixtures,
the solid domains showed line, quasicircular, and dendritic shapes as
the difference in the hydrophobic chain length between the components
of the binary mixture increases. In addition, for the saturated
PC-containing mixtures, we found a linear relationship between the GP
values for the fluid and solid domains and the difference between the
hydrophobic chain length of the binary mixture components.
Specifically, at the phase coexistence temperature region the
difference in the GP values, associated with the fluid and solid
domains, increases as the difference in the chain length of the binary
mixture component increases. This last finding suggests that in the
solid-phase domains, the local concentration of the low melting
temperature phospholipid component increases as the hydrophobic
mismatch decreases. At the phase coexistence temperature regime and
based on the Laurdan GP data, we observe that when the hydrophobic
mismatch is 8 (DLPC/DAPC), the concentration of the low melting
temperature phospholipid component in the solid domains is negligible.
This last observation extends to the saturated PE/PC mixtures at the
phase coexistence temperature range. For the DMPC/DSPC we found that
the nonfluorescent solid regions gradually disappear in the solid
temperature regime of the phase diagram, suggesting lipid miscibility.
This last result is in contrast with that found for DMPE/DMPC mixtures,
where the solid domains remain on the GUV surface at temperatures
corresponding to that of the solid region. In all cases the solid
domains span the inner and outer leaflets of the membrane, suggesting a
strong coupling between the inner and outer monolayers of the lipid
membrane. This last finding extends previous observations of GUVs
composed of DPPE/DPPC and DLPC/DPPC mixtures (Bagatolli and Gratton,
2000, Biophys. J. 78:290-305).
Biophys J, July 2000, p. 434-447, Vol. 79, No. 1
© 2000 by the Biophysical Society 0006-3495/00/07/434/14 $2.00
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