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Biophys J, September 2000, p. 1346-1357, Vol. 79, No. 3



and
*Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, D-60596 Frankfurt/Main,
Germany;
Institut für Biophysik, Johann Wolfgang
Goethe-Universität, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany;
and
Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas,
Lawrence, Kansas 66045 USA
P3-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo]ethyl ATP
(pHP-caged ATP) has been investigated for its application as a
phototrigger for the rapid activation of electrogenic ion pumps. The
yield of ATP after irradiation with a XeCl excimer laser (
= 308 nm) was determined at pH 6.0-7.5. For comparison, the photolytic
yields of P3-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)]ethyl ATP (NPE-caged ATP)
and P3-[1,2-diphenyl-2-oxo]ethyl ATP (desyl-caged ATP)
were also measured. It was shown that at
= 308 nm pHP-caged
ATP is superior to the other caged ATP derivatives investigated in
terms of yield of ATP after irradiation. Using time-resolved
single-wavelength IR spectroscopy, we determined a lower limit of
106 s
1 for the rate constant of release of
ATP from pHP-caged ATP at pH 7.0. Like NPE-caged ATP, pHP-caged ATP and
desyl-caged ATP bind to the Na+,K+-ATPase and
act as competitive inhibitors of ATPase function. Using pHP-caged ATP,
we investigated the charge translocation kinetics of the
Na+,K+-ATPase at pH 6.2-7.4. The kinetic
parameters obtained from the electrical measurements are compared to
those obtained with a technique that does not require caged ATP, namely
parallel stopped-flow experiments using the voltage-sensitive dye
RH421. It is shown that the two techniques yield identical results,
provided the inhibitory properties of the caged compound are taken into
account. Our results demonstrate that under physiological (pH 7.0) and slightly basic (pH 7.5) or acidic (pH 6.0) conditions, pHP-caged ATP is
a rapid, effective, and biocompatible phototrigger for ATP-driven
biological systems.
Biophys J, September 2000, p. 1346-1357, Vol. 79, No. 3
© 2000 by the Biophysical Society 0006-3495/00/09/1346/12 $2.00
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