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Biophys J, February 2001, p. 738-748, Vol. 80, No. 2

Pulse EPR Detection of Lipid Exchange between Protein-Rich Raft and Bulk Domains in the Membrane: Methodology Development and Its Application to Studies of Influenza Viral Membrane

Kazunori Kawasaki,* Jun-Jie Yin,dagger Witold K. Subczynski,Dagger § James S. Hyde,Dagger and Akihiro Kusumi||

 *National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan;  dagger Instrumentation and Biophysics Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, and  Dagger National Biomedical EPR Center, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226 USA;  §Biophysics Department, Institute of Molecular Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 31-120, Poland;  Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, and  ||Kusumi Membrane Organizer Project, Exploratory Research for Advancement of Technology Organization, Japan Science and Technology Cooperation, Nagoya 460-0012, Japan

A pulse saturation-recovery electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method has been developed that allows estimation of the exchange rates of a spin-labeled lipid between the bulk domain and the protein-rich membrane domain, in which the rate of collision between the spin label and molecular oxygen is reduced (slow-oxygen transport domain, or SLOT domain). It is based on the measurements of saturation-recovery signals of a lipid spin label as a function of concentrations of both molecular oxygen and the spin label. Influenza viral membrane, one of the simplest paradigms for the study of biomembranes, showed the presence of two membrane domains with slow and fast collision rates with oxygen (a 16-fold difference) at 30°C. The outbound rate from and the inbound rate into the SLOT domain (or possibly the rate of the domain disintegration and formation) were estimated to be 7.7 × 104 and 4.6 × 104 s-1, (15 µs residency time), respectively, indicating that the SLOT domain is highly dynamic and that the entire SLOT domain represents about one-third of the membrane area. Because the oxygen transport rate in the SLOT domain is a factor of two smaller than that in purple membrane, where bacteriorhodopsin is aggregated, we propose that the SLOT domain in the viral membrane is the cholesterol-rich raft domain stabilized by the trimers of hemagglutinin and/or the tetramers of neuraminidase.

Biophys J, February 2001, p. 738-748, Vol. 80, No. 2
© 2001 by the Biophysical Society   0006-3495/01/02/738/11  $2.00



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