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Biophys J, May 2001, p. 2248-2261, Vol. 80, No. 5

Hydration State of Single Cytochrome c Monolayers on Soft Interfaces via Neutron Interferometry

L. R. Kneller,* A. M. Edwards,dagger C. E. Nordgren,dagger J. K. Blasie,dagger N. F. Berk,Dagger S. Krueger,Dagger and C. F. MajkrzakDagger

Departments of  *Physics and  dagger Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, and  Dagger Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA

Yeast cytochrome c (YCC) can be covalently tethered to, and thereby vectorially oriented on, the soft surface of a mixed endgroup (e.g., -CH3/-SH = 6:1, or -OH/-SH = 6:1) organic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) chemisorbed on the surface of a silicon substrate utilizing a disulfide linkage between its unique surface cysteine residue and a thiol endgroup. Neutron reflectivities from such monolayers of YCC on Fe/Si or Fe/Au/Si multilayer substrates with H2O versus D2O hydrating the protein monolayer at 88% relative humidity for the nonpolar SAM (-CH3/-SH = 6:1 mixed endgroups) surface and 81% for the uncharged-polar SAM (-OH/-SH = 6:1mixed endgroups) surface were collected on the NG1 reflectometer at NIST. These data were analyzed using a new interferometric phasing method employing the neutron scattering contrast between the Si and Fe layers in a single reference multilayer structure and a constrained refinement approach utilizing the finite extent of the gradient of the profile structures for the systems. This provided the water distribution profiles for the two tethered protein monolayers consistent with their electron density profile determined previously via x-ray interferometry (Chupa et al., 1994).

Biophys J, May 2001, p. 2248-2261, Vol. 80, No. 5
© 2001 by the Biophysical Society   0006-3495/01/05/2248/14  $2.00


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C. E. Nordgren, D. J. Tobias, M. L. Klein, and J. K. Blasie
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Hydrated Protein Vectorially Oriented on Polar and Nonpolar Soft Surfaces
Biophys. J., December 1, 2002; 83(6): 2906 - 2917.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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