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Biophys J, June 2001, p. 3000-3008, Vol. 80, No. 6


*Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique, Université P6/P7, 75251 Paris, France;
Laboratoire de Photophysique et Photochimie
Macromoléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 94235 Cachan,
France;
Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital
Rothschild, 75571 Paris, France; and §EuroPhoton GmbH,
D-12247, Berlin, Germany
Fluorescence anisotropy decay microscopy was used to
determine, in individual living cells, the spatial monomer-dimer
distribution of proteins, as exemplified by herpes simplex virus
thymidine kinase (TK) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP).
Accordingly, the fluorescence anisotropy dynamics of two fusion
proteins (TK27GFP and TK366GFP) was recorded in
the confocal mode by ultra-sensitive time-correlated single-photon
counting. This provided a measurement of the rotational time of these
proteins, which, by comparing with GFP, allowed the determination of
their oligomeric state in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It also
revealed energy homo-transfer within aggregates that
TK366GFP progressively formed. Using a symmetric dimer
model, structural parameters were estimated; the mutual orientation of
the transition dipoles of the two GFP chromophores, calculated from the
residual anisotropy, was 44.6 ± 1.6°, and the upper
intermolecular limit between the two fluorescent tags, calculated from
the energy transfer rate, was 70 Å. Acquisition of the fluorescence
steady-state intensity, lifetime, and anisotropy decay in the same
cells, at different times after transfection, indicated that
TK366GFP was initially in a monomeric state and then formed
dimers that grew into aggregates. Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence
anisotropy microscopy opens a promising avenue for obtaining structural
information on proteins in individual living cells, even when
expression levels are very low.
Biophys J, June 2001, p. 3000-3008, Vol. 80, No. 6
© 2001 by the Biophysical Society 0006-3495/01/06/3000/09 $2.00
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