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Biophys J, May 2002, p. 2775-2783, Vol. 82, No. 5
Cornell University, School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA
Calculation of the centroid of the images of individual
fluorescent particles and molecules allows localization and tracking in
light microscopes to a precision about an order of magnitude greater
than the microscope resolution. The factors that limit the precision of
these techniques are examined and a simple equation derived that
describes the precision of localization over a wide range of
conditions. In addition, a localization algorithm motivated from
least-squares fitting theory is constructed and tested both on image
stacks of 30-nm fluorescent beads and on computer-generated images
(Monte Carlo simulations). Results from the algorithm show good
agreement with the derived precision equation for both the simulations
and actual images. The availability of a simple equation to describe
localization precision helps investigators both in assessing the
quality of an experimental apparatus and in directing attention to the
factors that limit further improvement. The precision of localization
scales as the inverse square root of the number of photons in the spot
for the shot noise limited case and as the inverse of the number of
photons for the background noise limited case. The optimal image
magnification depends on the expected number of photons and background
noise, but, for most cases of interest, the pixel size should be about
equal to the standard deviation of the point spread function.
Biophys J, May 2002, p. 2775-2783, Vol. 82, No. 5
© 2002 by the Biophysical Society 0006-3495/02/05/2775/09 $2.00
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