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Biophys J, June 2002, p. 2943-2950, Vol. 82, No. 6
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA
Ultrasensitive cascades often implement thresholding
operations in cell signaling and gene regulatory networks, converting graded input signals into discrete all-or-none outputs. However, the
biochemical and genetic reactions involved in such cascades are subject
to random fluctuations, leading to noise in output signal levels. Here
we prove that cascades operating near saturation have output signal
fluctuations that are bounded in magnitude, even as the number of noisy
cascade stages becomes large. We show that these fluctuation-bounded
cascades can be used to attenuate the noise in an input signal, and we
find the optimal cascade length required to achieve the best possible
noise reduction. Cascades with ultrasensitive transfer functions
naturally operate near saturation, and can be made to simultaneously
implement thresholding and noise reduction. They are therefore ideally
suited to mediate signal transfer in both natural and artificial
biological networks.
Biophys J, June 2002, p. 2943-2950, Vol. 82, No. 6
© 2002 by the Biophysical Society 0006-3495/02/06/2943/08 $2.00
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