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Biophys J, July 2002, p. 59-78, Vol. 83, No. 1
*Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology
Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and
Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of
Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083 USA
A Ca2+ spark arises when a cluster of
sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) channels (ryanodine receptors or RyRs)
opens to release calcium in a locally regenerative manner. Normally
triggered by Ca2+ influx across the sarcolemmal or
transverse tubule membrane neighboring the cluster, the
Ca2+ spark has been shown to be the elementary
Ca2+ signaling event of excitation-contraction coupling in
heart muscle. However, the question of how the Ca2+ spark
terminates remains a central, unresolved issue. Here we present a new
model, "sticky cluster," of SR Ca2+ release that
simulates Ca2+ spark behavior and enables robust
Ca2+ spark termination. Two newly documented features of
RyR behavior have been incorporated in this otherwise simple model:
"coupled gating" and an opening rate that depends on SR lumenal
[Ca2+]. Using a Monte Carlo method, local
Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from clusters
containing between 10 and 100 RyRs is modeled. After release is
triggered, Ca2+ flux from RyRs diffuses into the cytosol
and binds to intracellular buffers and the fluorescent Ca2+
indicator fluo-3 to produce the model Ca2+ spark.
Ca2+ sparks generated by the sticky cluster model resemble
those observed experimentally, and Ca2+ spark duration and
amplitude are largely insensitive to the number of RyRs in a cluster.
As expected from heart cell investigation, the spontaneous
Ca2+ spark rate in the model increases with elevated
cytosolic or SR lumenal [Ca2+]. Furthermore, reduction of
RyR coupling leads to prolonged model Ca2+ sparks just as
treatment with FK506 lengthens Ca2+ sparks in heart cells.
This new model of Ca2+ spark behavior provides a "proof
of principle" test of a new hypothesis for Ca2+ spark
termination and reproduces critical features of Ca2+ sparks
observed experimentally.
Biophys J, July 2002, p. 59-78, Vol. 83, No. 1
© 2002 by the Biophysical Society 0006-3495/02/07/59/20 $2.00
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D. Terentyev, S. Viatchenko-Karpinski, H. H. Valdivia, A. L. Escobar, and S. Gyorke Luminal Ca2+ Controls Termination and Refractory Behavior of Ca2+-Induced Ca2+ Release in Cardiac Myocytes Circ. Res., September 6, 2002; 91(5): 414 - 420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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