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Biophysical Journal 84:1114-1123 (2003)
© 2003 The Biophysical Society

The Structure of DNA within Cationic Lipid/DNA Complexes

Chad S. Braun*, Gouri S. Jas{dagger}, Sirirat Choosakoonkriang*, Gary S. Koe{ddagger}, Janet G. Smith{ddagger} and C. Russell Middaugh*

* Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; {dagger} Higuchi Bioscience Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence Kansas 66047; and {ddagger} Valentis Inc., Burlingame, California 94010

Correspondence: Address reprint requests to C. Russell Middaugh, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047. Tel.: 785-864-5813; Fax: 785-864-5814; E-mail: Middaugh{at}ku.edu.

The structure of DNA within CLDCs used for gene delivery is controversial. Previous studies using CD have been interpreted to indicate that the DNA is converted from normal B to C form in complexes. This investigation reexamines this interpretation using CD of model complexes, FTIR as well as Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to address this issue. CD spectra of supercoiled plasmid DNA undergo a significant loss of rotational strength in the signal near 275 nm upon interaction with either the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide or 1,2-dioleoyltrimethylammonium propane. This loss of rotational strength is shown, however, by both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy to occur within the parameters of the B-type conformation. Contributions of absorption flattening and differential scattering to the CD spectra of complexes are unable to account for the observed spectra. Model studies of the CD of complexes prepared from synthetic oligonucleotides of varying length suggest that significant reductions in rotational strength can occur within short stretches of DNA. Furthermore, some alteration in the hydrogen bonding of bases within CLDCs is indicated in the FTIR and Raman spectroscopy results. In addition, alterations in base stacking interactions as well as hydrogen bonding are suggested by molecular dynamics simulations. A global interpretation of all of the data suggests the DNA component of CLDCs remains in a variant B form in which base/base interactions are perturbed.




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