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Biophysical Journal 84:1591-1605 (2003)
© 2003 The Biophysical Society

Force Generation by Actin Polymerization II: The Elastic Ratchet and Tethered Filaments

Alex Mogilner* and George Oster{dagger}

* Department of Mathematics and Center for Genetics and Development, University of California, Davis, California 95616; and {dagger} Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

Correspondence: Address reprint requests to George Oster, 201 Wellman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720. Tel.: 510-642-5277; Fax: 510-642-7428; E-mail: goster{at}nature.berkeley.edu.

The motion of many intracellular pathogens is driven by the polymerization of actin filaments. The propulsive force developed by the polymerization process is thought to arise from the thermal motions of the polymerizing filament tips. Recent experiments suggest that the nucleation of actin filaments involves a phase when the filaments are attached to the pathogen surface by a protein complex. Here we extend the "elastic ratchet model" of Mogilner and Oster to incorporate these new findings. We apply this "tethered ratchet" model to derive the force-velocity relation for Listeria and discuss relations of our theoretical predictions to experimental measurements. We also discuss "symmetry breaking" dynamics observed in ActA-coated bead experiments, and the implications of the model for lamellipodial protrusion in migrating cells.




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