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Biophysical Journal 84:3052-3060 (2003)
© 2003 The Biophysical Society

MSI-78, an Analogue of the Magainin Antimicrobial Peptides, Disrupts Lipid Bilayer Structure via Positive Curvature Strain

Kevin J. Hallock *, Dong-Kuk Lee * {dagger} {ddagger} and A. Ramamoorthy * {dagger} {ddagger}

* Department of Chemistry, {dagger} Biophysics Research Division, and {ddagger} Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055

Correspondence: Address reprint requests to A. Ramamoorthy, Tel.: 734-647-6572; Fax: 734-764-8776; E-mail: ramamoor{at}umich.edu.

In this work, we present the first characterization of the cell lysing mechanism of MSI-78, an antimicrobial peptide. MSI-78 is an amphipathic {alpha}-helical peptide designed by Genaera Corporation as a synthetic analog to peptides from the magainin family. 31P-NMR of mechanically aligned samples and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study peptide-containing lipid bilayers. DSC showed that MSI-78 increased the fluid lamellar to inverted hexagonal phase transition temperature of 1,2-dipalmitoleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine indicating the peptide induces positive curvature strain in lipid bilayers. 31P-NMR of lipid bilayers composed of MSI-78 and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine demonstrated that the peptide inhibited the fluid lamellar to inverted hexagonal phase transition of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine, supporting the DSC results, and the peptide did not induce the formation of nonlamellar phases, even at very high peptide concentrations (15 mol %). 31P-NMR of samples containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine and MSI-78 revealed that MSI-78 induces significant changes in the bilayer structure, particularly at high peptide concentrations. At lower concentrations (1–5%), the peptide altered the morphology of the bilayer in a way consistent with the formation of a toroidal pore. Higher concentrations of peptide (10–15%) led to the formation of a mixture of normal hexagonal phase and lamellar phase lipids. This work shows that MSI-78 induces significant changes in lipid bilayers via positive curvature strain and presents a model consistent with both the observed spectral changes and previously published work.




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