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Biophysical Journal 85:2406-2416 (2003)
© 2003 The Biophysical Society

Sphingomyelin/Phosphatidylcholine/Cholesterol Phase Diagram: Boundaries and Composition of Lipid Rafts

Rodrigo F. M. de Almeida, Aleksandre Fedorov and Manuel Prieto

Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

Correspondence: Address reprint requests to Manuel Prieto, Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Complexo I, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal. Tel: 351-218419219; Fax: 351-218464455; E-mail: prieto{at}alfa.ist.utl.pt.

The ternary system palmitoylsphingomyelin (PSM)/palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC)/cholesterol is used to model lipid rafts. The phase behavior of the three binary systems PSM/POPC, PSM/cholesterol, and POPC/cholesterol is first experimentally determined. Phase coexistence boundaries are then determined for ternary mixtures at room temperature (23°C) and the ternary phase diagram at that temperature is obtained. From the diagram at 23°C and the binary phase diagrams, a reasonable expectation is drawn for the ternary phase diagram at 37°C. Several photophysical methodologies are employed that do not involve detergent extraction, in addition to literature data (e.g., differential scanning calorimetry) and thermodynamic rules. For the ternary phase diagrams, some tie-lines are calculated, including the one that contains the PSM/POPC/ cholesterol 1:1:1 mixture, which is often used in model raft studies. The diagrams here described are used to rationalize literature results, some of them apparently discrepant, and to discuss lipid rafts within the framework of liquid-ordered/liquid-disordered phase coexistence.




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