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* Laboratoire d'Imagerie Moléculaire et Nano-Bio-Technologie, Institut Europeen de Chimie et Biologie, Université Bordeaux 1, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France; and
Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
Correspondence: Address reprint requests to Alain Brisson, E-mail: a.brisson{at}iecb-polytechnique.u-bordeaux.fr.
Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are popular models of cell membranes with potential biotechnological applications, yet the mechanism of SLB formation is only partially understood. In this study, the adsorption and subsequent conformational changes of sonicated unilamellar vesicles on silica supports were investigated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy, using mixtures of zwitterionic, negatively charged, and positively charged lipids, both in the presence and in the absence of Ca2+ ions. Four different pathways of vesicle deposition could be distinguished. Depending on their charge, vesicles i), did not adsorb; ii), formed a stable vesicular layer; or iii), decomposed into an SLB after adsorption at high critical coverage or iv), at low coverage. Calcium was shown to enhance the tendency of SLB formation for negatively charged and zwitterionic vesicles. The role of vesicle-support, interbilayer, and intrabilayer interactions in the formation of SLBs is discussed.
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