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Biophysical Journal 86:384-394 (2004)
© 2004 The Biophysical Society

Photodynamics of Red Fluorescent Proteins Studied by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Andreas Schenk *, Sergey Ivanchenko *, Carlheinz Röcker *, Jörg Wiedenmann {dagger} and G. Ulrich Nienhaus * {ddagger}

* Department of Biophysics, and {dagger} Department of General Zoology and Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany; and {ddagger} Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois

Correspondence: Address reprint requests to Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus, Dept. of Biophysics, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany. Tel.: 49-731-502-3050; Fax: 49-731-502-3059; E-mail: uli{at}uiuc.edu.

Red fluorescent proteins are important tools in fluorescence-based life science research. Recently, we have introduced eqFP611, a red fluorescent protein with advantageous properties from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor. Here, we have studied the submillisecond light-driven intramolecular dynamics between bright and dark states of eqFP611 and, for comparison, drFP583 (DsRed) by using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on protein solutions. A three-state model with one dark and two fluorescent states describes the power-dependence of the flickering dynamics of both proteins at different excitation wavelengths. It involves two light-driven conformational transitions. We have also studied the photodynamics of individual (monomeric) eqFP611 molecules immobilized on surfaces. The flickering rates and dark state fractions of eqFP611 bound to polyethylene glycol-covered glass surfaces were identical to those measured in solution, showing that the bound FPs behaved identically. A second, much slower flickering process was observed on the 10-ms timescale. Deposition of eqFP611 molecules on bare glass surfaces yielded bright fluorescence without any detectable flickering and a >10-fold decreased photobleaching yield. These observations underscore the intimate connection between protein motions and photophysical processes in fluorescent proteins.




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