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Transmembrane Peptide-Induced Lipid Sorting and Mechanism of L-to-Inverted Phase Transition Using Coarse-Grain Molecular Dynamics

Steve O. Nielsen ^*, Carlos F. Lopez ^*, Ivaylo Ivanov ^*, Preston B. Moore , John C. Shelley  and Michael L. Klein ^*

^* Center for Molecular Modeling and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Schrödinger Inc., Portland, Oregon

Correspondence: Address reprint requests to S. O. Nielsen, E-mail: snielsen{at}cmm.upenn.edu.

Molecular dynamics results are presented for a coarse-grain model of 1,2-di-n-alkanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, water, and a capped cylindrical model of a transmembrane peptide. We first demonstrate that different alkanoyl-length lipids are miscible in the liquid-disordered lamellar (L) phase. The transmembrane peptide is constructed of hydrophobic sites with hydrophilic caps. The hydrophobic length of the peptide is smaller than the hydrophobic thickness of a bilayer consisting of an equal mixture of long and short alkanoyl tail lipids. When incorporated into the membrane, a meniscus forms in the vicinity of the peptide and the surrounding area is enriched in the short lipid. The meniscus region draws water into it. In the regions that are depleted of water, the bilayers can fuse. The lipid headgroups then rearrange to solvate the newly formed water pores, resulting in an inverted phase. This mechanism appears to be a viable pathway for the experimentally observed L-to-inverse hexagonal (H_II) peptide-induced phase transition.

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