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²H-NMR Study and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Location, Alignment, and Mobility of Pyrene in POPC Bilayers

Barbara Hoff ^*, Erik Strandberg , Anne S. Ulrich  , D. Peter Tieleman  and Clemens Posten ^*

^* IMVM, Bioprocess Engineering, University of Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; IFIA, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 76012 Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada

Correspondence: Address reprint requests to Clemens Posten, Fax: 49-721-608-2405; Email: clemens.posten{at}mvm.uka.de.

The alignment of pyrene in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine bilayer was investigated using two different approaches, namely solid-state ²H-NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Quadrupolar splittings from ²H-NMR spectra of deuterated pyrene-d₁₀ in an oriented lipid bilayer give information about the orientation of C-D bonds with respect to the membrane normal. From MD simulations, geometric information is accessible via trajectories. By defining molecular and bond order parameters, the data from MD trajectories and NMR spectra can be compared straightforwardly. To ensure that the results from both methods are comparable, parameters of the experimental and the simulation setup were chosen to be as similar as possible. From simulations, we saw that pyrene prefers a position inside the lipid membrane near the headgroups and has no tendency to diffuse from one monolayer of the membrane to the other. The results from simulation and NMR show that the normal of the molecular plane is aligned nearly perpendicular to the bilayer normal. The long axis of pyrene lies preferentially parallel to the bilayer normal within a range of ±30°. The results from the two different methods are remarkably consistent. The good agreement can be explained by the fact that the different kind of motions of a pyrene molecule are already averaged within a few nanoseconds, which is the timescale covered by the MD simulation.

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