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* Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California; Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
Correspondence: Address reprint requests to Dr. H. William Taeusch, Dept. of Pediatrics, SFGH, 1001 Potrero Ave., San Francisco, CA 94110. Tel.: 415 206 3681; Fax: 415-206-3686; E-mail: btaeusch{at}sfghpeds.ucsf.edu.
The rate of change of surface pressure, 
, in a Langmuir trough following the deposition of surfactant suspensions on subphases containing serum, with or without polymers, is used to model a likely cause of surfactant inactivation in vivo: inhibition of surfactant adsorption due to competitive adsorption of surface active serum proteins. Aqueous suspensions of native porcine surfactant, organic extracts of native surfactant, and the clinical surfactants Curosurf, Infasurf, and Survanta spread on buffered subphases increase the surface pressure, , to 
40 mN/m within 2 min. The variation with concentration, temperature, and mode of spreading confirmed Brewster angle microscopy observations that subphase to surface adsorption of surfactant is the dominant form of surfactant transport to the interface. However (with the exception of native porcine surfactant), similar rapid increases in did not occur when surfactants were applied to subphases containing serum. Components of serum are surface active and adsorb reversibly to the interface increasing up to a concentration-dependent saturation value, max. When surfactants were applied to subphases containing serum, the increase in was significantly slowed or eliminated. Therefore, serum at the interface presents a barrier to surfactant adsorption. Addition of either hyaluronan (normally found in alveolar fluid) or polyethylene glycol to subphases containing serum reversed inhibition by restoring the rate of surfactant adsorption to that of the clean interface, thereby allowing surfactant to overcome the serum-induced barrier to adsorption.
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