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* Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; and Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
Correspondence: Address reprint requests to Dr. Robert J. Barsotti, Dept. of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St., Jefferson Alumni Hall, Room 538, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Tel.: 215-503-1201; Fax: 215-503-1209; E-mail: robert.barsotti{at}jefferson.edu.
A genetically engineered cardiac TnC mutant labeled at Cys-84 with tetramethylrhodamine-5-iodoacetamide dihydroiodide was passively exchanged for the endogenous form in skinned guinea pig trabeculae. The extent of exchange averaged nearly 70%, quantified by protein microarray of individual trabeculae. The uniformity of its distribution was verified by confocal microscopy. Fluorescence polarization, giving probe angle and its dispersion relative to the fiber long axis, was monitored simultaneously with isometric tension. Probe angle reflects underlying cTnC orientation. In steady-state experiments, rigor cross-bridges and Ca2+ with vanadate to inhibit cross-bridge formation produce a similar change in probe orientation as that observed with cycling cross-bridges (no Vi). Changes in probe angle were found at [Ca2+] well below those required to generate tension. Cross-bridges increased the Ca2+ dependence of angle change (cooperativity). Strong cross-bridge formation enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity and was required for full change in probe position. At submaximal [Ca2+], the thin filament regulatory system may act in a coordinated fashion, with the probe orientation of Ca2+-bound cTnC significantly affected by Ca2+ binding at neighboring regulatory units. The time course of the probe angle change and tension after photolytic release [Ca2+] by laser photolysis of NP-EGTA was Ca2+ sensitive and biphasic: a rapid component 
10 times faster than that of tension and a slower rate similar to that of tension. The fast component likely represents steps closely associated with Ca2+ binding to site II of cTnC, whereas the slow component may arise from cross-bridge feedback. These results suggest that the thin filament activation rate does not limit the tension time course in cardiac muscle.
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