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Biophys. J. BioFAST: First Published August 5, 2005. doi:10.1529/biophysj.105.062018
© 2005 by the Biophysical Society.

A more recent version of this article appeared on October 1, 2005.
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MEMBRANES

Diffusion of Cholesterol and its Precursors in Lipid Membranes Studied by 1H PFG MAS NMR

Holger A. Scheidt 1, Daniel Huster 1 and Klaus Gawrisch 2*

1 University of Leipzig
2 NIAAA, NIH

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gawrisch{at}helix.nih.gov.

Submitted on February 25, 2005
Revised on May 18, 2005
Accepted on 6 July 2005


  Abstract
Cholesterol content is critical for membrane functional properties. We studied the influence of cholesterol and its precursors desmosterol and lanosterol on lateral diffusion of phospholipids and sterols by 1H PFG MAS NMR spectroscopy. The high resolution of resonances afforded by MAS NMR permitted simultaneous diffusion measurements on DPPC and sterols. The cholesterol diffusion mirrored the DPPC behavior, but rates were slightly higher at all cholesterol concentrations. DPPC and cholesterol diffusion rates decrease and became cholesterol concentration dependent with the onset of liquid-ordered phase formation. The activation energies of diffusion in the coexistence region of liquid-ordered/liquid - disordered phases are higher by about a factor of 2 compared to pure DPPC and to the pure liquid - ordered state formed at higher cholesterol concentrations. We assume that the higher activation energies are a reflection of lipid diffusion across domain boundaries. In lanosterol and desmosterol containing membranes, the DPPC and sterol diffusion coefficients are somewhat higher. While the desmosterol rates are only slightly higher than those of DPPC, the lanosterol diffusion rates significantly exceed DPPC rates, indicating a weaker interaction between DPPC and lanosterol.

Key Words: DPPC, NMR, cholesterol, diffusion, raft




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