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Biophys. J. BioFAST: First Published August 4, 2006. doi:10.1529/biophysj.106.088831
© 2006 by the Biophysical Society.

A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2006.
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Pere Roca-Cusachs
Isaac Almendros
Raimon Sunyer
Núria Gavara
Ramon Farré
Daniel Navajas
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CELL BIOPHYSICS

Rheology of passive and adhesion-activated neutrophils probed by Atomic Force Microscopy

Pere Roca-Cusachs 1, Isaac Almendros 1, Raimon Sunyer 1, Núria Gavara 1, Ramon Farré 1 and Daniel Navajas 1*

1 Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dnavajas{at}ub.edu.

Submitted on May 12, 2006
Revised on June 20, 2006
Accepted on 20 July 2006


  Abstract
The rheology of neutrophils in their passive and activated states plays a key role in determining their function in response to inflammatory stimuli. Atomic Force Microscopy was used to study neutrophil rheology by measuring the complex shear modulus G*({omega}) of passive non adhered rat neutrophils on poly(HEMA) and neutrophils activated through adhesion to glass. G*({omega}) was measured over 3 frequency decades (0.1 - 102.4 Hz) by indenting the cells 500 nm with a spherical tip and then applying a 50 nm amplitude multifrequency signal. G*({omega}) of both passive and adhered neutrophils increased as a power law with frequency, with a coupling between elastic (G') and loss (G'') moduli. For passive neutrophils at 1.6 Hz, G' = 380 ± 121 Pa, while G'' was 4-fold smaller and the power law coefficient was of x = 1.184. Adhered neutrophils were over 2-fold stiffer with a lower slope (x = 1.148). This behavior was adequately described by the power law structural damping model but not by liquid droplet and Kelvin models. The increase in stiffness with frequency may modulate neutrophil transit, arrest and transmigration in vascular microcirculation.

Key Words: AFM, Neutrophil mechanics, cell mechanics, leukocyte activation




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Copyright © 2006 by the Biophysical Society.