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Biophys. J. BioFAST: First Published September 21, 2007. doi:10.1529/biophysj.107.106971
© 2007 by the Biophysical Society.

A more recent version of this article appeared on February 1, 2008.
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MEMBRANES

Metal Nanoparticle Pollutants Interfere with Pulmonary Surfactant Function In Vitro

Mandeep Singh Bakshi 1, Lin Zhao 2, Ronald Smith 2, Fred Possmayer 2* and Nils O. Petersen 3

1 University of Western Ontario and Guru Nanak Dev University
2 University of Western Ontario
3 Canadian Institute for Nanotechnology

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fpossmay{at}uwo.ca.

Submitted on February 16, 2007
Revised on March 26, 2007
Accepted on 29 August 2007


  Abstract
Reported associations between air pollution and pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases prompted studies on the effects of gold nanoparticles (Au NP) on pulmonary surfactant function. Low levels (3.7 mol% Au/lipid, 0.98% wt/wt) markedly inhibited adsorption of a semi-synthetic pulmonary surfactant (dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine : palmitoyl, oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DPPC:POPG) : surfactant protein B (SP-B); 70:30:1 wt%). Au NP also impeded the surfactant;s ability to reduce surface tension ({gamma}) to low levels during film compression and to respread during film expansion. Transmission electron microscopy showed that Au NP generated by a seed-growth method were spherical with diameters of ~15 nm. Including POPG appeared to coat the NP with at least one lipid bilayer but did not affect NP shape or size. Similar overall observations occurred with dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG). Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) was less effective in NP capping, although similar sized NP were formed. Including SP-B (1% wt/wt) appeared to induce the formation of elongated strands of interacting threads with the fluid phosphatidylglycerols (PG). Including DPPC resulted in formation of aggregated, less spherical NP with a larger size distribution. With DPPC, strand formation due to SP-B was not observed. Agarose gel electrophoresis studies demonstrated that the aggregation induced by SP-B blocked migration of PG-coated NP. Migration was also influenced by the fluidity of the PGs. It is concluded that Au NP can interact with and sequester pulmonary surfactant phospholipids and, if inhaled from the atmosphere, could impede pulmonary surfactant function in the lung.

Key Words: acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, airborne pollutants, captive bubble surfactometer, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, surfactant protein B




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C. Muhlfeld, B. Rothen-Rutishauser, F. Blank, D. Vanhecke, M. Ochs, and P. Gehr
Interactions of nanoparticles with pulmonary structures and cellular responses
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): L817 - L829.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Copyright © 2007 by the Biophysical Society.