Biophys J, May 1999, p. 2412-2420, Vol. 76, No. 5

Video-Rate Scanning Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Microscopy and Ratio Imaging with Cameleons

 ^*National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine,  ^¶Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and  ^§Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093 USA; and  ^#Nikon Corporation, Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan

A video-rate (30 frames/s) scanning two-photon excitation microscope has been successfully tested. The microscope, based on a Nikon RCM 8000, incorporates a femtosecond pulsed laser with wavelength tunable from 690 to 1050 nm, prechirper optics for laser pulse-width compression, resonant galvanometer for video-rate point scanning, and a pair of nonconfocal detectors for fast emission ratioing. An increase in fluorescent emission of 1.75-fold is consistently obtained with the use of the prechirper optics. The nonconfocal detectors provide another 2.25-fold increase in detection efficiency. Ratio imaging and optical sectioning can therefore be performed more efficiently without confocal optics. Faster frame rates, at 60, 120, and 240 frames/s, can be achieved with proportionally reduced scan lines per frame. Useful two-photon images can be acquired at video rate with a laser power as low as 2.7 mW at specimen with the genetically modified green fluorescent proteins. Preliminary results obtained using this system confirm that the yellow "cameleons" exhibit similar optical properties as under one-photon excitation conditions. Dynamic two-photon images of cardiac myocytes and ratio images of yellow cameleon-2.1, -3.1, and -3.1nu are also presented.

Biophys J, May 1999, p. 2412-2420, Vol. 76, No. 5
© 1999 by the Biophysical Society   0006-3495/99/05/2412/09  $2.00

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