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Rotation of Lipids in Membranes: Molecular Dynamics Simulation, ³¹P Spin-Lattice Relaxation, and Rigid-Body Dynamics

Jeffery B. Klauda ^*, Mary F. Roberts , Alfred G. Redfield , Bernard R. Brooks ^* and Richard W. Pastor ^*

^* Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467; and Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454

Correspondence: Address reprint requests to Richard W. Pastor, E-mail: pastorr{at}nhlbi.nih.gov.

Molecular dynamics simulations and ³¹P-NMR spin-lattice () relaxation rates from 0.022 to 21.1 T of fluid phase dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers are compared. Agreement between experiment and direct prediction from simulation indicates that the dominant slow relaxation (correlation) times of the dipolar and chemical shift anisotropy spin-lattice relaxation are 10 ns and 3 ns, respectively. Overall reorientation of the lipid body, consisting of the phosphorus, glycerol, and acyl chains, is well described within a rigid-body model. Wobble, with 1–2 x 10⁸ s^–1, is the primary component of the 10 ns relaxation; this timescale is consistent with the tumbling of a lipid-sized cylinder in a medium with the viscosity of liquid hexadecane. The value for the diffusion constant for rotation about the long axis of the lipid body, is difficult to determine precisely because of averaging by fast motions and wobble; it is tentatively estimated to be 1 x 10⁷ s^–1. The resulting D_||/D 0.1 implies that axial rotation is strongly modulated by interactions at the lipid/water interface. Rigid-body modeling and potential of mean force evaluations show that the choline group is relatively uncoupled from the rest of the lipid. This is consistent with the ratio of chemical shift anisotropy and dipolar correlation times reported here and the previous observations that ³¹P-NMR lineshapes are axially symmetric even in the gel phase of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.