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A Magneto-Optic Route toward the In Vivo Diagnosis of Malaria: Preliminary Results and Preclinical Trial Data

Dave M. Newman ^*, John Heptinstall , Raphael J. Matelon ^*, Luke Savage ^*, M. Lesley Wears ^*, Jamie Beddow , Martin Cox , Henk D. F. H. Schallig  and Petra F. Mens 

^* School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom; and KIT Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Correspondence: Address reprint requests to Raphael J. Matelon, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Harrison Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK. Tel.: 1392-263728; E-mail: rjm211{at}exeter.ac.uk.

We report the development of magneto-optic technology for the rapid quantitative diagnosis of malaria that may also be realizable in a noninvasive format. Hemozoin, the waste product of malarial parasitic action on hemoglobin, is produced in a form that under the action of an applied magnetic field gives rise to an induced optical dichroism characteristic of the hemozoin concentration. Here we show that precise measurement of this induced dichroism may be used to determine the level of malarial infection because this correlates, albeit in a complex manner throughout the infection cycle, with the concentration of hemozoin in the blood and tissues of infected patients. Under conservative assumptions for the production of hemozoin as a function of parasitemia, initial results indicate that the technique can match or exceed other current diagnostic techniques. The validity of the approach is confirmed by a small preliminary clinical trial on 13 patients, and measurements on live parasitized cells obtained from in vitro culture verify the possibility of producing in vivo diagnostic instrumentation.