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Biophys. J. BioFAST: First Published December 1, 2006. doi:10.1529/biophysj.106.094698
© 2006 by the Biophysical Society.

A more recent version of this article appeared on March 1, 2007.
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Forces applied by cilia measured on explants from muco-ciliary tissue

Zvi Teff 1, Zvi Priel 1 and Levi A. Gheber 1*

1 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: glevi{at}bgu.ac.il.

Submitted on August 3, 2006
Revised on September 7, 2006
Accepted on 6 November 2006


  Abstract
Forces applied by intact mucus propelling cilia were measured for the first time, using a combined AFM and electro-optic system. The AFM probe was dipped into a field of beating cilia and its time-dependent deflection was recorded, as it was stricken by the cilia, while the electro-optic system simultaneously and co-locally measured the frequency, to ensure that no perturbation was induced by the AFM probe. We measured forces of ~ 0.21 nN per cilium, during effective stroke, on cilia from frog esophagus. This value, together with the known internal structure of these cilia, leads to the conclusion that most dynein arms along the length of the axoneme contribute to the effective stroke of these cilia.

Key Words: AFM, Cilia, Force




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Z. Teff, Z. Priel, and L. A. Gheber
The Forces Applied by Cilia Depend Linearly on Their Frequency Due to Constant Geometry of the Effective Stroke
Biophys. J., January 1, 2008; 94(1): 298 - 305.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Copyright © 2006 by the Biophysical Society.