SUPRAMOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES |
Secondary and Tertiary Structure Elasticity of Titin Z1Z2 and a Titin Chain Model
Eric H Lee 1, Jen Hsin 1, Olga Mayans 2 and Klaus Schulten 1*
1 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
2 University of Basel, Switzerland
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kschulte{at}ks.uiuc.edu.
Submitted on January 30, 2007
Revised on March 19, 2007
Accepted on 10 April 2007
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Abstract |
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The giant protein titin, which is responsible for passive elasticity in muscle fibers, is built from ~300 regular Ig-domains and FN-III repeats. While the soft elasticity derived from its entropic regions, as well as the stiff mechanical resistance derived from the unfolding of the secondary structure elements of Ig- and FN-III domains have been studied extensively, less is known about the mechanical elasticity stemming from the orientation of neighboring domains relative to each other. Here we address the dynamics and energetics of interdomain arrangement of two adjacent Ig-domains of titin, Z1 and Z2, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The simulations reveal conformational flexibility, due to the domain-domain geometry, that lend to titin an intermediate force elasticity. We employ adaptive biasing force (ABF) MD simulations to calculate the energy required to bend the Z1Z2 tandem open in order to identify energetically feasable interdomain arrangements of the Z1 and Z2 domains. The finding is cast into a stochastic model for Z1Z2 interdomain elasticity that is generalized to a multiple domain chain replicating many Z1Z2-like units and representing a long titin segment. The elastic properties of this chain suggest that titin derives so-called tertiary structure elasticity from bending and twisting of its domains. Finally, we employ steered molecular dynamics(SMD) simulations to stretch individual Z1 and Z2 domains and characterize the two domains' so-called secondary structure elasticity. Our study suggests that titin's overall elastic response at weak force stems from a soft entropic spring behavior (not described here), from tertiary structure elasticity with an elastic spring constant of ~ 0.001-1 pN/Å and, at strong forces, from secondary structure elasticity.
Key Words:
Molecular Dynamics, Multidomain, Secondary Elasticity, Simulation, Tertiary Elasticity, Titin
